Abstract
The in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant effects of different fractions of Rosa canina hips on human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was studied. The compounds tested were total extract (fraction 1), vitamin C (fraction 2), neutral polyphenols (fraction 3) and acidic polyphenols (fraction 4). All the extracts showed high cytotoxicity after 72 h, both low and high concentrations. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that all the fractions produce disturbances in the cell cycle resulting in a concomitant cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Changes in the redox status of Caco-2 cells in response to Rosa canina hips were determined. Cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide in presence of plant fractions and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was significantly decreased. Therefore, our data demonstrate that rosehip extracts are a powerful antioxidant that produces an antiproliferative effect in Caco-2 cells. Therefore, these results predict a promising future for Rosa canina as a therapeutic agent. Thus, this natural plant could be an effective component of functional foods addressed towards colorectal carcinoma.
Highlights
For a long time it has been believed that implementing diet with antioxidants diminish risk of suffering different illnesses, this belief is under revision [1,2]
We evaluate the antioxidant activity of vitamin C, neutral and acidic polyphenols from Rosa canina hips and its possible role in protecting against DNA from oxidative damage
Among neutral polyphenols found in these rosehips, rutin was the most abundant followed by catechin (Table 1 and S1 Table)
Summary
For a long time it has been believed that implementing diet with antioxidants diminish risk of suffering different illnesses, this belief is under revision [1,2]. Antioxidants role, in fruits and vegetables, is to avoid biological oxidation involved in cellular damage and these kind of molecules are used in the food industry to avoid oxidation worsening [3]. GarcíaAlonso et al [4] reported that dietary constituents can exert significant modulatory effects on cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and oxidative reactions in cellular systems. Numerous in vitro studies indicate that plant secondary metabolites can potentially affect diverse processes in mammalian cells, including gene expression, apoptosis, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, intracellular signaling, P-glycoprotein activation and the modulation of enzyme activities associated with carcinogen activation and detoxification [5,6,7]. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159136 July 28, 2016
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