Abstract
As a light-harvesting organelle, the chloroplast inevitably produces a substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily through the photosystems. These ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen, are potent oxidizing agents, thereby damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. On the other hand, it became increasingly clear that ROS act as beneficial tools under photo-oxidative stress conditions by stimulating chloroplast-nucleus communication, a process called retrograde signaling (RS). These ROS-mediated RS cascades appear to participate in a broad spectrum of plant physiology, such as acclimation, resistance, programmed cell death (PCD), and growth. Recent reports imply that ROS-driven oxidation of RS-associated components is essential in sensing and responding to an increase in ROS contents. ROS appear to activate RS pathways via reversible or irreversible oxidation of sensor molecules. This review provides an overview of the emerging perspective on the topic of “oxidative modification-associated retrograde signaling.”
Highlights
Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
This review provides an overview of the emerging perspective on the topic of “oxidative modification-associated retrograde signaling.”
The subsequent forward genetic screen has provided a clue that the 1O2associated transcriptome, as well as the cell death in young seedlings are likely to be mediated via activation of chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling (Wagner et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2008)
Summary
Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. As a light-harvesting organelle, the chloroplast inevitably produces a substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily through the photosystems. It became increasingly clear that ROS act as beneficial tools under photo-oxidative stress conditions by stimulating chloroplast-nucleus communication, a process called retrograde signaling (RS). These ROS-mediated RS cascades appear to participate in a broad spectrum of plant physiology, such as acclimation, resistance, programmed cell death (PCD), and growth. Unlike extraplastidic signaling cascades where the protein modifications have been extensively investigated, the current understanding of the potential impact of PTMs in triggering chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathways is mostly limited in the context of the reversible redox modifications (Tikkanen et al, 2012; Dietz et al, 2016). Photosystem-Associated Retrograde Signaling Cascades signaling pathways are mainly discussed, which may provide a new prospect in the field of chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling research
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