Abstract

Plant Rho-like small GTPases, usually called ROPs or RACs, function as crucial molecular signal switches in regulating diverse cellular and developmental processes. Once activated by external signals, ROPs interact with their downstream effector proteins, and thus relay signals to downstream targets and initiate a variety of cellular responses such as cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, secondary cell wall patterning, and cell polarization and morphogenesis (Chen and Friml, 2014). Yet, the mechanisms by which ROP-based signaling participates in regulating these processes are less well known.

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