Rooting response of Prunus domestica L. microshoots in the presence of phytoactive medium supplements

Alina Wiszniewska,Olga Długosz-Grochowska,Kinga Dziurka,Michał Dziurka,Zbigniew Tukaj,Barbara Nowak,Ewa Sitek,Krzysztof Grabski,Anna Kołton

doi:10.1007/s11240-015-0937-6

Abstract

The study aimed at evaluating the response of common plum (Prunus domestica L.) microshoots during in vitro rooting in the presence of two phytoactive medium supplements, i.e. a dialyzate of pineapple pulp and a conditioned medium containing green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus exudates. Rooting efficiency was evaluated after 4 weeks of culture. During the root induction phase the content of phenolic compounds in shoot bases was determined and anatomical studies were conducted. Medium supplements were analyzed for the content of carbohydrates and phenolic acids. Both supplements were efficient in rooting induction of shoots of a difficult-to-root cultivar ‘Wegierka Zwykla’. Medium supplementation allowed a significant reduction in the exogenous auxin content required for rooting. The highest rooting efficiencies on supplemented media were 28.9 and 27.8 %, in comparison with 33.3 % obtained in the control medium with doubled concentration of exogenous auxins. In the easy-to-root plum cultivar ‘Wegierka Dąbrowicka’ the rooting rate was slightly reduced in the presence of pineapple dialyzate, while in the presence of algal conditioned medium the rooting rate decreased substantially compared with the non-supplemented medium. Approximately 30 % of ‘Wegierka Dąbrowicka’ shoots rooted on supplemented auxin-free media. The content of phenolic compounds accumulated in shoot bases during the root induction stage reflected the differences in rooting ability between both plum cultivars, indicating potential stressful conditions of the culture generated by the presence of phytoactive natural supplements. Anatomical study allowed to recognize the mode of dedifferentiation leading to adventitious rhizogenesis in the common plum. The results are discussed in relation to the composition of medium supplements and their potential root-promoting activity.

Highlights

In tissue cultures of numerous woody species the lack of efficient rooting is the main obstacle in obtaining entire plantlets (Auderset et al 1997; Hou et al 2010)
The study aimed at evaluating the response of common plum (Prunus domestica L.) microshoots during in vitro rooting in the presence of two phytoactive medium supplements, i.e. a dialyzate of pineapple pulp and a conditioned medium containing green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus exudates
Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2016) 125:163–176 micropropagation protocols depend on successful development of the root system, Davies et al (1994) considered adventitious rhizogenesis to be basic in modern horticultural production

Summary

Introduction

In tissue cultures of numerous woody species the lack of efficient rooting is the main obstacle in obtaining entire plantlets (Auderset et al 1997; Hou et al 2010). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2016) 125:163–176 micropropagation protocols depend on successful development of the root system, Davies et al (1994) considered adventitious rhizogenesis to be basic in modern horticultural production. Numerous studies are focused on mechanisms that control adventitious root formation, as well as on elaboration of novel, efficient rooting protocols and techniques (Naija et al 2008; De Klerk et al 2011; Leva 2011; Sarropoulou et al 2013). Searching for root-promoting substances and exploitation of natural biostimulators is one of strategies aimed at improving the rooting efficiency with a simultaneous reduction of the use of exogenous auxins (Arthur et al 2004; Pacholczak et al 2012a, b; Montero-Calasanz et al 2013). The application of natural products during commercial rooting may limit the losses caused by poor quality of the root system or of the shoot, caused by auxin used in the rooting treatment (De Klerk et al 1999; Kakani et al 2009)

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