Abstract
The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house field 2 UPM using the sand media to determine the adventitious roots initiation and development using the histological method. The cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). The nodes explants were used in the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of P. betle L., with different concentrations of Clorox with different times of immersion (20% Clorox 10 minutes, 30% Clorox 10 minutes, 20% Clorox 20 minutes, and 30% 20 minutes). In multiplication of the plantlets, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were used to investigate the rooting of the explants. The results indicated that the types of the cuttings were different in the rooting capacity and the length of the roots. Moreover, it was found that in comparison with the control treatment, by a rise in the concentrations of the IBA, there was a significant upsurge in the rooting percentage, the root diameter, and the number of the roots. The results indicated that the types of cutting with 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L IBA perform better in the root percentage (100%) in the semi hardwood cuttings. The best results, however, were 2000 mg/L IBA in the semi hardwood cuttings, with the number of the roots to be 35.05, and the fresh weight of the roots to be 3.94 g, the dry weight of the roots to be 0.33 g, the length of the roots to be 391.88 cm, the roots diameter to be 1.21 mm, the surface area of the roots to be 121.83 cm2, and the root volume to be 2.99 cm3. Nonetheless, the optimal concentration of Clorox with the time immersion was 20% with the 20-minute immersion time, which produced a shoot induction percentage of 30% dead explants and a mean number of 70.00 shoots per explant and the optimal concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg/L. It is of note that a shoot induction percentage of 22.29% and a mean number of 4.1% number of auxiliary bud per treatment. P. betle shoots in MS medium without PGR MS (0.0) yielded a good rooting.
Highlights
Piper betle L., an important species of the Piperaceae family, is an evergreen perennial climber with glossy heart-shaped leaves
The study was carried out in a misting house at field 2, UPM. Both softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings were cut at 20 - 25 cm length and 3 - 4 mm diameter, while the leaves below the point where 2 - 3 leaves attached to the stem were pinched, and the cuttings were planted in the rooting medium, buried at about 2/3 of length in and plant spacing [20]
The maximum roots length could be observed in 2000 mg/L Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) (391.88 ± 3.51 cm) in the semi hardwood cuttings; on the other hand, the bottommost mean of the root length was recorded in the control treatment in the softwood cuttings (190.92 ± 3.61 cm).The results showed that 2000 mg/L IBA had the highest length of the roots in both types of cuttings and 0 mg/L IBA had the lowest length which might be due to the interactions between both types of cuttings and the levels of the auxin (Table 2)
Summary
Piper betle L., an important species of the Piperaceae family, is an evergreen perennial climber with glossy heart-shaped leaves. It grows abundantly in many countries in the South-east Asian region [1]. According to various phytochemical studies, P. betle contains a wide variety of biologically active compounds whose concentrations depend on the diversity of the plant species [3]. These components are valued as a stimulant for their medicinal properties such as antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory effects as well as immunomodulatory, gastro-protective and antidiuretic activities [4].
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