Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) are a key factor in the physiological regulation of plants and can reflect buffering capacity of plants under diverse environmental conditions. The effects of diverse environmental conditions on plant NSCs and tissue or organ scales have been thoroughly studied, but their effects on fine root (root diameter < 2 mm) NSC concentrations are still not completely understood. Our aims were to explore the synergistic fluctuations in root traits and NSC concentrations under diverse environmental conditions. This study was conducted on two-year-old temperate seedling tree species (Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) with different drought intensities and soil substrates. The specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) were significantly affected by drought intensities and soil substrates, while the root tissue density (RTD) and average diameter (AD) were not significantly affected by water intensities and soil substrates in all three species. The root C, N, and P concentration did not change according to drought stress but were significantly affected by the soil substrates in all three species. Similarly, the soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST) concentrations were significantly affected by both the drought stress and the soil substrates in all three species. The AD explained 6.8% of the total variations in soluble sugar, while the SRL explains 32.1% of the total variation in starch. The root tip C, N, and P concentrations were not significantly correlated with NSCs under different treatments. The total variations in root tip morphology, chemistry, and NSC concentrations are greater among species than compared to different drought intensities and soil substrates. However, the root NSC concentrations were closely related to root morphological traits (SRL and AD) rather than chemical traits. On the basis of different soil resources, the species with thinner diameters have higher SS concentrations, while those of a thicker diameter have higher ST concentrations.
Highlights
Variations in climatic conditions, high temperatures, and low rainfall have caused most parts of the world to become dry, especially in temperate regions, resulting in tree death and forest ecosystemForests 2020, 11, 415; doi:10.3390/f11040415 www.mdpi.com/journal/forestsForests 2020, 11, 415 declines [1,2,3]
Compared with CK, the specific root length (SRL) and surface area (SRA) of the three species were significantly increased in T3, with an average range for the soil substrates substrates of of 17.22%
Our study showed that the root morphological traits and Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) concentrations in three temperate tree species are significantly different under drought stress and different soil substrates, but the differences between species were found to be larger than those observed under different drought and soil substrate conditions
Summary
Variations in climatic conditions, high temperatures, and low rainfall have caused most parts of the world to become dry, especially in temperate regions, resulting in tree death and forest ecosystemForests 2020, 11, 415; doi:10.3390/f11040415 www.mdpi.com/journal/forestsForests 2020, 11, 415 declines [1,2,3]. Most of the studies examining NSC dynamics at the tissue or organ scale have investigated the effects of water [1,8,9,10], CO2 concentrations [11], shade [10,12], and other factors. These studies have rarely focused on root traits, especially the root tip morphology under different drought intensities. Exploring the variation in the composition and distribution of fine roots under drought is important for better understanding how carbon balance and dynamics affect plant growth and survival [15]
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