Abstract
Mycorrhizal and N-fixing root symbioses evolved at two points in the past when global CO<sub>2</sub> was highest, consistent with the high demand these symbioses place on host C. Trees hosting both mycorrhiza and N-fixing bacteria are able to fix more atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and grow at faster rates than non-symbiotic plants, or plants with only mycorrhiza. We argue that on the basis of this improved C capture, N-fixing trees act as C-pumps, sequestering C and locking it in biomass, thus, if properly managed, can contribute significantly towards the mitigation of rising CO<sub>2</sub> levels.
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