Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SARN , mg N g-1 root dry weight d-1), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g-1 root dry weight 12 h-1) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, μmol O2 g-1 root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g-1 d-1) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SARN values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SARB and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SARN and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield.