Root rot of winter wheat and peas in short-rotation crop rotations

Abstract

Аіm. The research was to establish the influence of fertilization systems and methods of main tillage in short-rotation crop rotation on damage to winter wheat and pea plants by root rot. Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. The research was conducted in 2016–2018 at the experimental fields of the Bila Tserkva’s National Agrarian University according to the following scheme: Factor A. Fertilizer systems. 1. Without the use of fertilizers; 2. Organo-mineral; 3. Mineral. Factor B. Systems of basic tillage. 1. Differentiated (control); 2. Police-nonpolice; 3. Shallow shelfless. Short-rotation crop rotations were studied: crop rotation: alfalfa – winter wheat + white mustard, green manure – sugar beets and sunflower – buckwheat – barley with alfalfa subsowing; grain crops: soybean – winter wheat – sunflower – barley – corn for grain; specialized cereal crops: buckwheat – winter wheat – corn for grain, sunflower – barley – sunflower; row crops: peas – winter wheat – sunflower – corn for grain – sunflower. Results. During crop rotation with an organo-mineral fertilization system in the agrocenosis of winter wheat, the development of root rot was 51.3%, which is 8.7% more compared to the option without fertilizers. In the grain-row crop rotation under the organo-mineral fertilization system, root rot damage was 50%, which is 6.1% less compared to the unfertilized plot. Under the inter-row specialized crop rotation, the damage to winter wheat plants and the development of diseases amounted to 55.4%, which increased by 10.5% compared to the inter-row crop rotation. Affected pea plants by root rot in the flowering phase under shelf-less tillage, the development of the disease was 4.7% higher compared to differentiated tillage. Conclusions. The article presents the results of field studies on the application of fertilization systems and methods of basic tillage to the damage of winter wheat and pea plants by root rot in short-rotational crop rotations in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The greatest damage to winter wheat plants by root rot was recorded during the row rotation, the predecessor of which was peas. On average, 32.6–37.6% of wheat plants were affected by the disease in these areas, and the intensity of the disease was 52.4–58.7%. The lowest development of root rots of winter wheat plants (27.4–35.4%) was found in the grain row specialized crop rotation. The smallest development of root rots of winter wheat plants was found under the organo-mineral fertilization system. Shallow cultivation with disc tools to a depth of 10–12 cm caused the highest development of pea root rot. Plowing under peas helped reduce the spread and development of pea root rot.