Abstract
Fungal endophytes are group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. Root endophytic fungi like dark septate endophytes (DSE), Piriformospora indica, and Trichoderma show mutualistic association with many plant species. The endophytes are known to produce a diverse group of secondary metabolites, extracellular enzymes, antibiotics, antifungal, anticancer agents that can be used as therapeutic drugs, agrochemicals or in industries. Plants associated with fungal endophytes play an important role in the survival of plants in extreme stressed condition. This review focuses on the functions of fungal root endophytes, their relationship with host plant, tolerance to abiotic stress and secondary metabolites production against various pathogens.
Highlights
The term endophyte was coined by the German phytopathologist Heinrich Anton De Bary in 1884, and is used to define fungi or bacteria occurring inside plant tissues without showing disease in the host plant (Wilson 1995)
This review focuses on the functions of fungal root endophytes, their relationship with host plant, tolerance to abiotic stress and secondary metabolites production against various pathogens
This review focuses on the functions of fungal root endophytes, their relationship with host plant, and secondary metabolites production against various pathogens
Summary
The term endophyte was coined by the German phytopathologist Heinrich Anton De Bary in 1884, and is used to define fungi or bacteria occurring inside plant tissues without showing disease in the host plant (Wilson 1995). Fungal endophytes are the microorganisms that reside inside the plant tissue that can be roots, leaves or stem. They basically fall in ascomycota and basidiomycota groups (Arnold and Lutzoni 2007; Selosse et al 2009). Endophytic fungi are plant mutualists and show various benefits to the host plant, for example abiotic stress tolerance (Redman et al 2002), resistance to pathogens and disease (Benhamou and Garand 2001) and the production of secondary metabolites (Schulz et al 1995). This review focuses on the functions of fungal root endophytes, their relationship with host plant, and secondary metabolites production against various pathogens
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