Abstract
Plants are source of many high-value secondary compounds used as drugs, food additives, flavors, pigments and pesticides. The production of these compounds in nature faces to many difficulties because of the dependence on weather, soil … Furthermore, these compounds are usually limited by species, periods of growth or stress. The utilization of plant cells in vitro for the secondary compounds has gained increasing attention over past decades. However, the yield is still low, probably due to the degree of cell differentiation. Therefore, root culture is focused on research as an alternative to cell cultures to produce secondary compounds because of high rate proliferation, great potential in the production with high and stable yields. Hairy roots and adventitious roots have a high ability to biosynthesize secondary compounds in vitro with high and fairly stable in yield in comparison with plant cell suspension cultures. Nowadays, it is feasible to expand the scale of root cultures in bioreactors, which makes it possible to produce secondary compounds on an industrial scale.
Highlights
Plant secondary products are natural sources of bioactive compounds which used in traditional medicine and in industrial applications
Plant cell culture techniques provide a reliable and predictable method for isolating valuable secondary products at high efficiency within a short time comparing to the whole plants in vivo
Hairy roots derived from the infection of a plant by Agrobacterium rhizogenes – can strongly proliferation in medium without phytohormone, that is a promised biosystem for producing valuable secondary products in large scale [16]
Summary
Plant secondary products are natural sources of bioactive compounds which used in traditional medicine and in industrial applications. In 1976, Farnsworth and Morris said that: higher plants-the sleeping giant of drug development [1]. Many chemicals derived from plants are important drugs, which are used as antibacterial and antitumour agents. Natural products presented chemical structures, which are very important for scientists to pursue new chemical for drugs [2]. In plants, these valuable compounds are usually limited by species, periods of growth or stress and the yield is still low. The utilization of plant cell, tissue and organ culture for these compounds has gained increasing attention over past decades
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