Abstract
Medicinal plants are an inevitable source of pharmaceutical drugs and most of the world population depends on these plants for health benefits. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has posed a great threat to their existence due to overexploitation. Adventitious root and hairy root culture systems are an alternative approach to the conventional method for mass production of valuable compounds from medicinal plants owing to their rapid growth, biosynthetic and genetic stability. The main purpose of this review is to investigate the recent scientific research published worldwide on the application of adventitious and hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds from medicinal plants. Furthermore, a comparison of adventitious root vs. hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds has also been discussed. Various aspects such as medium composition, carbon source, pH, amount of macronutrients, optimization strategy, scale-up cultures, and use of biotic abiotic and nano-elicitors at various concentrations are the topic of discussion in this review. Several studies on adventitious and hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum¸ Withania somnifera¸ Echinacea purpurea and Ajuga bracteosa have been discussed in detail which highlights the importance of elicitation strategies and bioreactor system, presenting commercial applications.
Highlights
Metabolite biosynthesis in naturally grown plants is affected by species or genus or might be activated just during a specific growth and developmental stage or by the availability of nutrients and pesticide contamination a great danger is imposed on the existence of plant species as these are continuously been destroyed for medicines [5]
According to above mention study total withanolides contents in transgenic hairy roots of Withania somnifera were higher than the non-transformed roots. Treatment with elicitors such as salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were discovered to increase the accumulation of withanolides in hairy roots, so it is preferred over adventitious root culture for large-scale production of secondary metabolites in Withania somnifera
Plethora of studies has been conducted with the aim to produce valuable compounds by utilizing hairy and adventitious root cultures that have made enormous advances in plant sciences
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A greater rate of proliferation, enormous potentialities of accumulation, and stable production of important secondary metabolites result when adventitious roots are induced in phytohormone supplemented medium under sterile conditions [6]. Considering these issues for mass scale cultivation of adventitious roots by employing bioreactor technology is utilized to produce important plant-derived secondary metabolites. Monitoring of parameters such as pH temperature and the oxygen concentration in the bioreactor can be done; bioreactor culture system is better than a traditional tissue culture system [7]. Hairy roots for the production of valuable compounds have been mentioned
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