Abstract
In 2021, cracks formed in an onshore buried X80 natural gas pipeline with a diameter of 1219 mm. The present study investigated the cause of this failure through environmental and operational assessment, metallurgical evaluation, mechanical testing, material testing, stress analysis, and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) sensitivity testing. The results indicated that the failure was primarily attributable to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The main factors contributing to this failure were identified as excessive material hardness and strength, which resulted in a high sensitivity to HE, even within the normal cathodic protection range. In addition, the mechanical damage that occurred during the construction process resulted in the destruction of the coating, causing stress concentration on the pipe body and further facilitating HIC.
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