Abstract
Background and Objectives: The endodontic space is a complex area on both micro and macro levels; therefore, traditional irrigation techniques may not guarantee a complete cleaning of such a complicated tridimensional system. The presented ex vivo study aimed to evaluate root canal cleanliness, obtained through an equal volume of traditionally applied sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), compared to ultrasonically activated NaOCl and ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating NaOCl. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars underwent root sample length standardization (18 mm), root canal preparation and, based on the irrigation method employed, were randomly and equally assigned to three study groups, composed of root samples treated with ultrasonically activated NaOCl, ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating and traditionally applied NaOCl. The root specimens were subsequently fixated with 4% buffered formalin solution and decalcified in Morse liquid. A total often 6-micron-thick serial cross-sections were obtained, dyed using hematoxylin and eosin and examined through an optical microscope at 40×, 100×, and 200×. Results: Ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating showed a significantly smaller amount of debris compared to ultrasonically activated and traditionally applied NaOCl groups (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: Root canal cleanliness saw significant enhancements by ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilWhen teeth are diagnosed with inflamed vital pulps or infected with necrotic pulp tissues, the major aim of chemo-mechanical preparation is to target dissolving pulp tissue and dysrupt microbial biofilm
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Considering that the root canal system comprises the macroscopic anatomy of the major canal and lateral ones, along with ramifications, loops, isthmuses, deltas, as well as canal and lateral ones, along with ramifications, loops, isthmuses, deltas, as well as the major canal and lateral ones, along with ramifications, loops, isthmuses, deltas, as well as so-called microscopic anatomies, as the dentinal tubules, for effective endodontic cleaning, irrigants should be able to penetrate such complicated root anatomies [5]
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilWhen teeth are diagnosed with inflamed vital pulps or infected with necrotic pulp tissues, the major aim of chemo-mechanical preparation is to target dissolving pulp tissue and dysrupt microbial biofilm. Root canal irrigation, performed with a common syringe and needle, may not be able to produce the required shear stress, nor permit proper irrigant infiltration into lateral macro- and micro-anatomies [5], indirectly determining the persistence of residual pulp tissue or biofilm and eventually leading to persistent infections or reinfections [6,7] and to endodontic therapy failure in the complex lateral system. The presented ex vivo study aimed to evaluate root canal cleanliness, obtained through an equal volume of traditionally applied sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), compared to ultrasonically activated NaOCl and ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating NaOCl. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars underwent root sample length standardization (18 mm), root canal preparation and, based on the irrigation method employed, were randomly and assigned to three study groups, composed of root samples treated with ultrasonically activated NaOCl, ultrasonically activated. Results: Ultrasonically activated NaOCl that had undergone intracanal heating showed a significantly smaller amount of debris compared to ultrasonically activated and traditionally applied NaOCl groups (p value < 0.05)
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