Root and Root Canal Morphology of Premolars in a Sample of the Lebanese Population: Clinical Considerations

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the root anatomy of the maxillary and mandibular premolars among a sample of the Lebanese population and to explore their incidence by sex and the symmetry between the left and right sides. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis of 250 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans consisted of 960 maxillary and 972 mandibular premolars. Roots, canals, and morphology types were recorded. Vertucci’s classification was used to categorize the canal morphologies. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests were applied (P≤.05). Results: The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots (85.3%) with two canals (91.3%). Most of the maxillary second premolars showed one root (79.8%). Two-root canals (53.55%) were more common than one canal (44.2%). The three-root, three-canal morphology was rarely spotted in the maxillary first (0.4%) and second premolars (2.3%). The one-root (99.2%) and one-canal (84.5%) morphologies were most frequently located in the mandibular first and second premolars (100%, 88.6%), and two canals being less common (15.5%, 11.4%) correct same as before. The total prevalence of premolars with a complex root canal morphology was 62.4%, found in types II, III, and V to VIII. Men had significantly more roots and root canals in their maxillary first premolars than women (P≤.05). No significant differences were observed between the contralateral premolars (P>.05). Conclusions: Premolars displayed wide variations in root and root canal morphology and symmetry between the contralateral premolars.