Root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars

Marina Kacarska,Julija Zivadinovic

doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2018.64.01.008

Marina Kacarska, Julija Zivadinovic

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2018.64.01.008

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Abstract

Understanding the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary premolars is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars. To achieve the set task, 30 maxillary first premolars were extracted. After thorough rinse visual assessment of root anatomy was made. Each root was transversally sectioned six millimeters from apex with a straight hand piece. The apical samples were decalcificated in 7.5% trichloroacetic acid, transversal sections were made, stored in 10% formalin then dyed in hematoxylin and eosin and numerated from I to VI. Apical canal morphology was evaluated with an optical microscope. Majority of maxillary first premolars had double roots (63.0%; n=19) that were mostly separated (50.0%; n=15) containing a single root canal. Minority had double roots that were fused (13.0%; n=4) with two root canals. Single root with almost equal occurrence of two, as well as variable root canal configuration were found in (30.0%; n=9). A very rare occurrence of maxillary first premolars with three roots (7.0%; n=2) was detected, two vestibular and one palatal, each containing a single canal configuration. Accessory lateral canals were detected in 20% of maxillary first premolars. Transversal communications were detected in maxillary premolars with one root and double fused roots (26.6%; n=8). A single apical foramen was detected in majority of maxillary first premolars (50.0%; n=15). Two apical foramina were detected in (33.4%; n=10), three in (10.0%; n=3) and four in (6.6%; n=2) maxillary premolars. Keywords: maxillary first premolar, root anatomy, apical canal morphology, decalcification, optical microscopy

Highlights

A thorough knowledge and understanding of root anatomy and canal morphology is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment.Apical surgery of maxillary premolar is a delicate surgical procedure that incorporates removal of apical pathology, identification of number of roots and their location, root resection, examination and identification of the complex apical canal anatomy and placement of Clinical examination and exploration, adjacent to radiographic evaluation, using various probes and canal files enables the surgeon additional information concerning the root canal morphology.M
Majority of maxillary first premolars had double roots (63.0%; n=19) that were mostly separated (50.0%; n=15) containing a single root canal
In the present study a clear distinction between root forms was established according to recommendations of Apical canal morphology

Summary

Introduction

A thorough knowledge and understanding of root anatomy and canal morphology is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment.Apical surgery of maxillary premolar is a delicate surgical procedure that incorporates removal of apical pathology, identification of number of roots and their location, root resection, examination and identification of the complex apical canal anatomy and placement of Clinical examination and exploration, adjacent to radiographic evaluation, using various probes and canal files enables the surgeon additional information concerning the root canal morphology.M. A thorough knowledge and understanding of root anatomy and canal morphology is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment. Apical surgery of maxillary premolar is a delicate surgical procedure that incorporates removal of apical pathology, identification of number of roots and their location, root resection, examination and identification of the complex apical canal anatomy and placement of Clinical examination and exploration, adjacent to radiographic evaluation, using various probes and canal files enables the surgeon additional information concerning the root canal morphology. The apical canal morphology remains uncertain and dubious. Surgeons and endodontists are forced ad nauseam to follow their own tactile sensitivity rather than trail required preoperative anatomical landmarks with clear accuracy

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