Abstract
The present work investigates the interactions between soil content, rootstock, and scion by focusing on the effects of roostocks and nitrogen supply on grape berry content. Scions of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Pinot Noir (PN) varieties were grafted either on Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) or 110 Richter (110R) rootstock. The 4 rooststock/scion combinations were fertilized with 3 different levels of nitrogen after fruit set. Both in 2013 and 2014, N supply increased N uptake by the plants, and N content both in vegetative and reproductory organs. Rootstock, variety and year affected berry weight at harvest, while nitrogen did not affect significantly this parameter. Grafting on RGM consistently increased berry weight compared to 110R. PN consistently produced bigger berries than CS. CS berries were heavier in 2014 than in 2013, but the year effect was less marked for PN berries. The berries were collected between veraison and maturity, separated in skin and pulp, and their content was analyzed by conventional analytical procedures and untargeted metabolomics. For anthocyanins, the relative quantitation was fairly comparable with both LC-MS determination and HPLC-DAD, which is a fully quantitative technique. The data show complex responses of the metabolite content (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols/procyanidins, stilbenes, hydroxycinnamic, and hydroxybenzoic acids) that depend on the rootstock, the scion, the vintage, the nitrogen level, the berry compartment. This opens a wide range of possibilities to adjust the content of these compounds through the choice of the roostock, variety and nitrogen fertilization.
Highlights
IntroductionSince the early Twentieth-Century, most vineyards over the world (with the exceptions of Argentina, Australia, Chile, China) are grafted onto a rootstock of either a single American Vitis species or hybrids between V. berlandieri, V. riparia, V. rupestris (Whiting, 2004; Ollat et al, 2015)
Since the early Twentieth-Century, most vineyards over the world are grafted onto a rootstock of either a single American Vitis species or hybrids between V. berlandieri, V. riparia, V. rupestris (Whiting, 2004; Ollat et al, 2015)
The pruning weight of CS plants depended on the rootstock genotype and tended to be higher when the scions were grafted on rootstock Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) than on 110R, while the rootstock did not affect the pruning weight for Pinot noir (PN)
Summary
Since the early Twentieth-Century, most vineyards over the world (with the exceptions of Argentina, Australia, Chile, China) are grafted onto a rootstock of either a single American Vitis species or hybrids between V. berlandieri, V. riparia, V. rupestris (Whiting, 2004; Ollat et al, 2015). The rootstocks indirectly modify whole plant development by affecting the vigor of the scion (Tandonnet et al, 2010), biomass accumulation and distribution (Paranychianakis et al, 2004; Smart et al, 2006; Koundouras et al, 2008; Alsina et al, 2011), yield (Main et al, 2002; Jones et al, 2009), and phenology (Pongracz, 1983; Whiting et al, 2005). It is important to understand the interactions between soil content, rootstocks and scions
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