Room-Temperature Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Magnon Torques

Abstract

Electron-mediated spin torque provides a fast and efficient method to manipulate magnetization; however, electron motion inevitably brings about the generation of Joule heat and corresponding power consumption. Magnon-mediated spin torque, without involving moving electrons, could circumvent the energy dissipation issue. In this work, we fabricate a sandwich structure of topological insulator/antiferromagnetic insulator/ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find that the magnon current with spin angular momentum can traverse a 25-nm-thick antiferromagnetic $\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{O}$ layer and effectively switch the perpendicular magnetization of $\mathrm{Co}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$ at room temperature with a critical switching current density of 4.1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The magnon torque efficiency is characterized using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements to be 0.33 with a magnon diffusion length of 26.6 nm. Our work paves the way for manipulating perpendicular magnetization via magnon torques, facilitating the exploration of magnon-based spintronics with low power consumption.