Abstract
Headed for developing minimalistic strategies to produce graphene@metal hybrids for electronics on a larger scale, we discovered that graphene oxide (GO)-metal oxide (MO) hybrids are formed spontaneously in water at room temperature in the presence of nothing else than graphene oxide itself and metal ions. Our observations show metal oxide nanoparticles decorating the surface of graphene oxide with particle diameter in the range of 10–40 nm after only 1 h of mixing. Their load ranged from 0.2% to 6.3% depending on the nature of the selected metal. To show the generality of the reactivity of GO with different ions in standard conditions, we prepared common hybrids with GO and tin, iron, zinc, aluminum and magnesium. By means of carbon-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance using magic angle spinning, we have found that graphene oxide is also moderately reduced at the same time. Our method is powerful and unique because it avoids the use of chemicals and heat to promote the coprecipitation and the reduction of GO. This advantage allows synthesizing GO@MO hybrids with higher structural integrity and purity with a tunable level of oxidization, in a faster and greener way.
Highlights
Graphene oxide (GO) is regarded as a major precursor of graphene-based metal (M) and metal oxide (MO) particle nanocomposites, important building blocks for electronic and electrochemical devices [1,2,3,4,5]
Our observations show the room temperature formation of metal oxide nanoparticles decorating the surface of GO, while our carbon-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C SS-NMR) data show a moderate reduction of GO compared to the starting material
CWoenpclruospioosnesa scalable metal ions-assisted homogenous coprecipitation method for the formation of GO@WMeOphryobproidses aat roscoamlatbelme pmereattaulreioinnsa-caisdsiicstaeqduehooums osogleuntoiouns wciothporeuctipanityataiodnditmioentahlordedufocringthe formation of GO@MO hybrids at room temperature in acidic aqueous solution without any additional reducing agents or physical treatments to promote the reaction
Summary
Graphene oxide (GO) is regarded as a major precursor of graphene-based metal (M) and metal oxide (MO) particle nanocomposites, important building blocks for electronic and electrochemical devices [1,2,3,4,5]. The presence of oxygen atoms and metal particles in the composite can change dramatically the physical, electronic and chemical properties of graphene-based devices [4]. GO has the ability to make chemical and physical interactions with different metal or metal oxide through others oxygenated defects as well [4]. A recent study showed that most of C–O–M bonds are from the reaction between epoxy and metal oxide and/or hydroxide, while only a part of C–O–M bonds could be explained by GO’s carboxyl (C=O) and hydroxy (C–OH) groups. Evidence was mainly collected from infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data
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