Abstract
In this paper we present a photon number resolving detector at infrared wavelengths, operating at room temperature and with a large dynamic range. It is based on the up-conversion of a signal at 1559 nm into visible wavelength and on its detection by a thermoelectrically cooled multi-pixel silicon avalanche photodiodode, also known as a Silicon Photon Multiplier. With the appropriate up-conversion this scheme can be implemented for arbitrary wavelengths above the visible spectral window. The preservation of the poissonian statistics when detecting coherent states is studied and the cross-talk effects on the detected signal can be easily estimated in order to calibrate the detector. This system is well suited for measuring very low intensities at infrared wavelengths and for analyzing multiphoton quantum states.
Highlights
Estimating the number of photons in an optical pulse is desirable for the implementation and/or the optimization of a variety of applications
photon number resolving detectors (PNR) detectors can help in the investigation of the properties of multi-photon quantum states, by means of loss independent measurements of high order correlation functions [5] or with threshold detection conditions [6]
We present a PNR detector that works at telecom wavelengths, at room temperature, with a high readout frequency and large dynamic range
Summary
Estimating the number of photons in an optical pulse is desirable for the implementation and/or the optimization of a variety of applications. Several clinical or research activities deal with the analysis of fluorescent compounds for the identification and quantification of chemical reagents or biological molecules For this task the measurement of the intensity of non repetitive optical pulses over a wide range of values can be improved by the use of photon number resolving detectors (PNR). We present a PNR detector that works at telecom wavelengths, at room temperature, with a high readout frequency and large dynamic range This provides a practical detector well suited to measuring low intensities of light in a single shot fashion or studying multiphoton quantum states. It is based on the up-conversion (UC) of telecom photons into the visible regime and their detection by a multi-pixel APD detector, known as Silicon Photon Multiplier (SiPM). A characterization of the detector is carried out by measuring its efficiency and noise, before we discuss its photon number counting capability
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