Room temperature operation of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers with single longitudinal and lateral mode performance

Abstract

We demonstrate room temperature operation of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting at 4.7 μm. A rectangular photonic crystal lattice perpendicular to the cleaved facet was defined using holographic lithography. The anticrossing of the index- and Bragg-guided dispersions of rectangular lattice forms the band-edge mode with extended mode volume and reduced group velocity. Utilizing this coupling mechanism, single mode operation with a near-diffractive-limited divergence angle of 12° is obtained for 33 μm wide devices in a temperature range of 85–300 K. The reduced threshold current densities and improved heat dissipation management contribute to the realization of devices’ room temperature operation.