Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage with a room-temperature lithium-sulfur (Li-S) chemistry is gaining overwhelming attention as a promising next-generation rechargeable battery technology for a broad range of applications.1 Beyond Li, sulfur batteries with other anode chemistries, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum are recently receiving considerable attraction as well.2 In comparison to lithium anode, Ca, Mg, and Al particularly offer multiple advantageous features in terms of safety, materials cost, and abundance. Therefore, rechargeable battery systems with Mg-S, Ca-S, and Al-S chemistries are promising low-cost options for the development of safe, large-scale electrical energy storage technologies. However, the research on these battery chemistries/technologies is still in its infancy and is currently hampered by many critical challenges. Based on our research into the Li-S, Na-S, K-S, Mg-S, Ca-S, and Al-S batteries,3-8 this presentation will first compare the similarities and differences between the above six battery chemistries. Then, key efforts and significant endeavors toward the success in operating the Mg-S, Ca-S, and Al-S batteries will be particularly presented. Electrolytes play the most important role toward the reversible operation of these polyvalent metal – sulfur batteries. Next, multiple strategies to enhance the cycling performances of Mg-S, Ca-S, and Al-S batteries will be discussed. Specially, advanced cathode matrix materials and unique cathode structures will be detailed in this presentation. Finally, the critical challenges and future research and development directions for developing polyvalent metal – sulfur batteries will be prospected. References A. Manthiram, Y. Z. Fu, S. H. Chung, C. X. Zu and Y. S. Su, Chem Rev, 2014, 114, 11751-11787.X. W. Yu and A. Manthiram, Small Methods, 2017, 1, 1700217.A. Manthiram and X. W. Yu, Small, 2015, 11, 2108-2114.X. W. Yu and A. Manthiram, Energy Storage Mater, 2018, 15, 368-373.X. W. Yu and A. Manthiram, Acs Energy Letters, 2016, 1, 431-437.X. Yu and A. Manthiram, Chem-Us, 2018, 4, 1200-1202.X. Y. A. Manthiram, Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7, 1700561.X. W. Yu, M. J. Boyer, G. S. Hwang and A. Manthiram, Chem-Us, 2018, 4, 586-598.
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