Room temperature liquid metals for flexible alkali metal-chalcogen batteries.

Abstract

Flexibility has become a certain trend in the development of secondary batteries to meet the requirements of wide portability and applicability. On account of their intrinsic high energy density, flexible alkali metal-chalcogen batteries are attracting increasing interest. Although great advances have been made in promoting the electrochemical performance of metal-S or metal-Se batteries, explorations on flexible chalcogen-based batteries are still limited. Extensive and rational use of soft materials for electrodes is the main bottleneck. The re-emergence of safe liquid metals (LMs), which provide an ideal combination of metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature, offers a fascinating paradigm for constructing flexible chalcogen batteries. They may provide dendrite-free anodes and restrain the dissolution of polysulfides and polyselenides for cathodes. From this perspective, we elaborate on the appealing features of LMs for the construction of flexible metal-chalcogen batteries. Recent advances on LM-based battery are discussed, covering novel liquid alkali metals as anodes and LM-sulfur hybrids as cathodes, with the focus placed on durable high-energy-density output and self-healing flexible capability. At last, perspectives are proposed on the future development of LM-based chalcogen batteries, and the viable strategies to meet the current challenges that are obstructing more practical flexible chalcogen batteries.