Abstract
Layered yttrium hydroxide (LYH) was explored for the synthesis of a representative up-converting YVO4:20%Yb3+,0.4%Ho3+ particles in aqueous Na3VO4 solutions at room temperature. No formation of the VO43−-intercalated LYH:Yb3+,Ho3+ phase during reaction suggested the sequential transformation from the outermost sheet of LYH:Yb3+,Ho3+ to YVO4:Yb3+,Ho3+ particles with regular shape and size without a general tendency to aggregate. Because of remnant hydroxyl groups in the particles transformed structurally from the hydroxide precursor, the up-conversion emission was too weak to be measured for the as-prepared YVO4:Yb3+,Ho3+ and after heating at lower than 200 °C. In contrast, the luminescence intensity of YVO4:Yb3+,Ho3+ was dramatically enhanced with increasing the annealing temperature up to 700 °C. The prepared elliptical shape particles maintained high dispersibility even after annealing at 700 °C so that they were exploited for the fabrication of transparent and flexible composite up-converter films with high efficiency via simple casting of PVA suspensions containing YVO4:Yb3+,Ho3+ particles.
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