Abstract
Carbon-based coatings are used in many applications, particularly in sliding contacts to reduce friction and wear. To improve the tribological properties, these coatings are usually alloyed with metals; W is one of the most used since it helps improve the tribological performance at high temperatures. In this work, we compared the tribological performance of Diamond-Like Carbon alloyed with tungsten (DLC-W) films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with films deposited in a hybrid configuration DCMS + high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The DLC-W coatings were produced with approximately the same W content. One hydrogenated film was deposited with the hybrid configuration for comparison purposes. Microstructure, structure, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviour were used to compare the coatings. All the films displayed a low-order structure of tungsten carbide embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. The use of the hybrid HiPIMS/DCMS results in coatings with more compact morphologies due to the high ionization fraction of the species produced on the W target (W and Ar ionized species), which primarily will oppose the shadowing effect as the ions will reach the substrate at angles close to 90°. HiPIMS non-hydrogenated film is the more tribological, performing either at room or high temperature (150 °C) due to the much more compact morphology, which avoids the detachment of hard W-C particles, which are responsible for more efficiently scratching the film surface. Experiments revealed that wear behaviour in all the films is governed by the contact of the tribolayer formed on the counterpart composed of W–C, C and W–O against the surface of the film.
Highlights
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are well established for many tribological applications such as internal combustion engines and biomedical devices due to their low wear rate (
This work first reports the comparison of the tribological performance at room and high temperature (150 ◦ C) of W-DLC-doped coatings produced with approximately the same W content by conventional direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and hybrid DCMS-high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) configurations
Since the power applied to C targets placed on cathodes 2 and 4 was the same in both DCMS and HiPIMS’s depositions and the slight higher sputtering rate of W as compared to carbon
Summary
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are well established for many tribological applications such as internal combustion engines and biomedical devices due to their low wear rate (
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