Abstract
To assess potential exposure of non-users to exhaled constituents from pod and cartridge electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products, an environmental clinical study was conducted with (n = 43) healthy adult smokers. Room air concentrations of 34 selected constituents (nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin, 15 carbonyls, 12 volatile organic compounds, and 4 trace metals) and particle number concentration (0.3 to 25 µm) were compared from use of two ENDS products and conventional cigarettes using room ventilations representative of a residential, an office or a hospitality setting over a 4-h. exposure period. Products used were JUUL ENDS, Virginia Tobacco flavor (Group I), VUSE Solo, Original flavor (Group II) (5.0 and 4.8% nicotine by weight, respectively) and subjects’ own conventional cigarettes (Group III). Cumulative 4-h room air sampling and particle counting were performed during prescribed (Groups I and II) and ad libitum product use (all Groups). Conventional cigarette use resulted in significantly more constituents detected and higher 4-h cumulative constituent concentrations compared to use of the ENDS products tested, except for the predominant ENDS ingredients, propylene glycol and glycerin. Use of conventional cigarettes also resulted in greater total particle number concentration than either prescribed or ad libitum use of either of the ENDS used in this study.
Highlights
To assess potential exposure of non-users to exhaled constituents from pod and cartridge electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products, an environmental clinical study was conducted with (n = 43) healthy adult smokers
The different ventilation rates and amounts of fresh air used were consistent with standards by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc31. for living spaces (Table 1; approximately 30% less for the office and approximately 67% less for the hospitality ventilation conditions compared to the residential ventilation condition)
For ENDS used in Groups I and II only three of the 34 constituents measured were correlated to product use while eleven of the 34 constituents were correlated to use of conventional cigarettes
Summary
The second assessment approach has used more controlled situations where ENDS users are confined to a room with prescribed or ad libitum product u se[3,4,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and/or have included exhaled breath analysis[24,25,26,27,28] Results from both approaches are consistent in that compared to inhaled constituent concentrations, low concentrations of constituents (nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin and formaldehyde) have been measured in exhaled b reath[19,24,26,27] and in environmental sampling during prescribed or ad libitum ENDS use. The different ventilation rates and amounts of fresh air used were consistent with standards by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc31. for living spaces (Table 1; approximately 30% less for the office and approximately 67% less for the hospitality ventilation conditions compared to the residential ventilation condition)
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