Abstract
BackgroundReactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator 1 (ROMO1) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial ROS production and redox sensing. ROMO1 regulates ROS generation within cells and is involved in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, senescence, and death. Our purpose is to investigates the impact of ROMO1 on the mitochondria during porcine embryogenesis.ResultsWe found that high expression of ROMO1 was associated with porcine preimplantation embryo development, indicating that ROMO1 may contribute to the progression of embryogenesis. Knockdown of ROMO1 disrupted porcine embryo development and blastocyst quality, thereby inducing ROS production and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Knockdown of ROMO1 induced mitochondrial dysfunction by disrupting the balance of OPA1 isoforms to release cytochrome c, reduce ATP, and induce apoptosis. Meanwhile, ROMO1 overexpression showed similar effects as ROMO1 KD on the embryos. Overexpression of ROMO1 rescued the ROMO1 KD-induced defects in embryo development, mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis.ConclusionsROMO1 plays a critical role in embryo development by regulating mitochondrial morphology, function, and apoptosis in pigs.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator 1 (ROMO1) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial ROS production and redox sensing
The RNA level of Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1) was highly expressed from morula stage which demonstrate that ROMO1 may be crucial for embryo development after zygotic genome activation (ZGA)
Effects of ROMO1 knockdown on early porcine embryonic development To investigate why ROMO1 was expressed in porcine embryos during all stages and colocalized with mitochondria, ROMO1 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (ROMO1 KD) was injected into porcine parthenotes, which were cultured in vitro for 7 days
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator 1 (ROMO1) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial ROS production and redox sensing. ROMO1 regulates ROS generation within cells and is involved in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, senescence, and death. Mitochondria are well-known organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is important for controlling cell growth, signaling, dynamic response, and apoptosis in most mammalian cells. In porcine oocytes and/or embryos, a high level of ATP production in the cytoplasm is necessary for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development in vivo and in vitro [1]. Various dynamic processes are involved in stabilizing mitochondrial structure and function, including fission, fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are involved in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial function complementation, mitochondrial turnover, selective removal of mutant mitochondrial DNA, and regulation of apoptosis [12, 13]. Mitochondria typically form an interconnected network, but fission events can separate a mitochondrion from the mitochondrial network to be engulfed by an autophagosome [14]
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