Roll-pattern evolution in finite-amplitude Rayleigh–Beńard convection in a two-dimensional fluid layer bounded by distant sidewalls

Abstract

This paper considers the temporal evolution of two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a shallow fluid layer of aspect ratio 2L ([Gt ] 1) confined laterally by rigid sidewalls. Recent studies by Cross et al. (1980, 1983) have shown that for Rayleigh numbers in the range R = R0 + O(L−1) (where R0 is the critical Rayleigh number for the corresponding infinite layer) there exists a class of finite-amplitude steady-state ‘phase-winding’ solutions which correspond physically to the possibility of an adjustment in the number of rolls in the container as the local value of the Rayleigh number is varied. It has been shown (Daniels 1981) that in the temporal evolution of the system the final lateral positioning of the rolls occurs on the long timescale t = O(L2) when the phase function which determines the number of rolls in the system satisfies a one-dimensional diffusion equation but with novel boundary conditions that represent the effect of the sidewalls. In the present paper this system is solved numerically in order to determine the precise way in which the roll pattern adjusts after a change in the Rayleigh number of the system. There is an interesting balance between, on the one hand, a tendency for the number of rolls to change by the least number possible and, on the other, a tendency for the even or odd nature of the initial configuration to be preserved during the transition. In some cases this second property renders the natural evolution susceptible to arbitrarily small external disturbances, which then dictate the form of the final roll pattern.The complete transition involves an analysis of the motion on three timescales, a conductive scale t = O(1), a convective growth scale t = O(L) and a convective diffusion scale t = O(L2).