Rolling textures in f.c.c. and b.c.c. metals

Abstract

Three basic assumptions are made in the present theory of rolling textures. 1. (1) The stress system in rolling is biaxial, a more realistic approximation than separate tensile and compressive stresses. 2. (2) Deformation in f.c.c. metals occurs by slip on octahedral planes. Cross slip is considered to be important, and its extent depends on the material, being a function of the stacking fault energy, on the internal stresses governed by the amount of reduction and on the availability of thermal energy, (3) Textures are developed as a consequence of deformation on two main slip systems. It is envisaged that accommodating deformation will occur in the regions of grain boundaries, but will not contribute significantly to texture development. Under conditions in which extensive cross slip does not occur, the predicted rolling texture is of the “alloy” type, {110}〈112〉, whereas when extensive cross slip occurs, rotations are towards the irrational “pure metal” texture and finally towards the orientation {112}〈111〉. Experimental evidence in the form of quantitative {111} pole figures illustrates the development with increasing reductions of rolling textures in aluminium and silver, and observations are made of slip traces in rolled metals. The observations are all consistent with theory, which can be extended to account for the rolling textures in b.c.c. metals.