Abstract
AbstractUrban traffic is a significant contributor of particulate matter to the environment (Kessinger et al. in https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/5750/publikationen/hgp_luftqualitaet_2020_bf.pdf, 2021). Hence, there is a high interest in the measured data of roadside immission measurement station. In the federal state Saxony (Germany), the State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG) is responsible for supervision of the air pollution. In a joint project, the LfULG, the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) and the Chair of Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems of the Technical University of Dresden (Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungsmotoren und Antriebssysteme, LVAS) measured the particulate immission* from a selection of passenger cars in an “environment simulation” Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020). Especially direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI, without particle filter have a high particulate matter emission, depending on the operating condition. However, an increase of the particulate matter immission due to the rising market penetration of DISI engines was not measurable at the immission measurement stations of LfULG. To investigate the effect of vehicle exhaust emission and immission, an experiment was developed to measure particulate matter immission similar to road conditions on a chassis dynamometer. Five used cars with different engines, exhaust after treatment systems and mileage were evaluated regarding their emissions and particulate immissions. Unexpectedly, a high amount of ultrafine particulate matter smaller 100 nm was found during the emission measurements, although the exhaust emissions were completely extracted to the CVS measurement system. It was concluded that these particles were assignable to break and tire wear. This paper summarizes the most important findings, the complete report is available in Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020).
Highlights
The immission of particles is of great importance to human health
A new focus is on direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI, without particle filter, which was the reason for the introduction of the gasoline particle filter, GPF, with the emissions legislation Euro 6d-temp in September 2019
In the research presented in this paper, a method was developed to simulate urban road particle immission in a test chamber
Summary
The immission of particles is of great importance to human health. Roadside measurement stations try to assess the immission from traffic. Since the intake of the road side immission measurement stations are usually about 3–10 m away from the street, much smaller particle number concentrations are detected than at the vehicle tailpipe. A methodology was developed to reproduce a roadside similar particle immission with selected Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles on a conditioned chassis dynamometer [9]. In this methodology, the environmental influence (wind direction, solar radiation etc.) was excluded to understand the basic mechanisms of diffusion and coagulation without any further side effects. One unexpected result was the strong effect of tire and brake wear on the concentration of UFP and black carbon
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