Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in immune homeostasis and the adaptive immune response. DC-induced immune tolerance or activation is strictly dependent on the distinct maturation stages and migration ability of DCs. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification process that has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates DC maturation and function. Recent studies have shown that ubiquitin enzymes, including E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), are pivotal regulators of DC-mediated immune function and serve as potential targets for DC-based immunotherapy of immune-related disorders (e.g., autoimmune disease, infections, and tumors). In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the molecular mechanisms and function of ubiquitination in DC-mediated immune homeostasis and immune response.
Highlights
Ubiquitination is a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes by regulating the degradation and activity of substrate proteins [1, 2]
We describe the recent progress regarding the crucial role of ubiquitination in Dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and function (Table 1)
MARCH1 negatively regulates DC maturation by inducing the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MHCII and CD86, and its expression is downregulated during DC maturation
Summary
Ubiquitination is a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes by regulating the degradation and activity of substrate proteins [1, 2]. The covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to lysine (K) residues of substrate proteins is mediated by an enzymatic reaction cascade. This process is catalyzed by the sequential activity of ubiquitinactivating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2), and ubiquitin-ligating (E3) enzymes [3]. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination play an essential role in the regulation of different aspects of immune function. We describe the recent progress regarding the crucial role of ubiquitination in DC maturation and function (Table 1)
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