Roles of the INO80 and SWR1 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Plants.

Jianhao Wang,Songguang Yang,Keqiang Wu,Xiuling Peng,Sujuan Gao

doi:10.3390/ijms20184591

Abstract

Eukaryotic genes are packed into a dynamic but stable nucleoprotein structure called chromatin. Chromatin-remodeling and modifying complexes generate a dynamic chromatin environment that ensures appropriate DNA processing and metabolism in various processes such as gene expression, as well as DNA replication, repair, and recombination. The INO80 and SWR1 chromatin remodeling complexes (INO80-c and SWR1-c) are ATP-dependent complexes that modulate the incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes, which is a critical step in eukaryotic gene regulation. Although SWR1-c has been identified in plants, plant INO80-c has not been successfully isolated and characterized. In this review, we will focus on the functions of the SWR1-c and putative INO80-c (SWR1/INO80-c) multi-subunits and multifunctional complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We will describe the subunit compositions of the SWR1/INO80-c and the recent findings from the standpoint of each subunit and discuss their involvement in regulating development and environmental responses in Arabidopsis.

Highlights

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged with histones to form an inherently stable complex structure known as chromatin
The catalytic subunit (ATPase) of chromatin-remodeling complexes (CRCs) belongs to the SWI/sucrose nonfermenting (SNF) family [5], which is part of a large superfamily of helicases and translocases called superfamily 2 (SF2)
The roles of SWR1/INO80 complex (INO80-c) in nuclear activities are quite diverse ranging from double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair to the regulation of gene expression

Summary

Introduction

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged with histones to form an inherently stable complex structure known as chromatin. Based on the evolutionarily conserved central ATPase subunit, CRCs are currently classified into four subfamilies: SWI/SNF, ISWI (imitation SWI), INO80 (Inositol Requiring 80) and CHD (chromo and DNA-binding domain) [7]. CRCs of the INO80 family include the yeast INO80 complex (INO80-c) and its orthologues in humans and plants, the yeast SWR1 (SWi2/snf2-Related 1) complex (SWR1-c) and its orthologues SRCAP (SNF2-RELATED CBP ACTIVATOR PROTEIN) (human) and SWR1 (Arabidopsis) (Table 1). Among those families, SWR1/INO80-c plays essential roles in DNA repair, checkpoint regulation, DNA replication, telomere maintenance and chromosome segregation [8,9]. We discuss the recent investigations underpinning the involvement of SWR1/INO80-c subunits in regulating key plant growth and development processes, as well as environmental responses

Chromatin Remodeling Functions of INO80 and SWR1 CRCs

Findings

Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives