Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third most deadly cancer in humans worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important causative factor of gastric carcinogenesis, and activates host innate and adaptive immune responses. As key constituents of the tumor immune microenvironment, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are increasingly attracting attention owing to their potential roles in immunosuppression. We recently reported that pDCs have vital roles in the development of immunosuppression in GC. Clarifying the contribution of pDCs to the development and progression of GC may lead to improvements in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding immune modulation in GC, especially the roles of pDCs in GC carcinogenesis and treatment strategies.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide [1]
The numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), Tregs, and ICOS+ Tregs in peripheral blood individuals Tissue samples 91 patients were increased in GC patients compared with healthy donors
There was a positive correlation between pDCs and ICOS+ Tregs in peripheral blood and peritumor tissue from GC patients
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide [1]. GC has become relatively rare in the United States, but remains common in Asia [2]; it is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer (10.6%) and the second most common cause of cancer-related death (13.6%) in China, and constitutes a serious health burden on society [3]. Innate and adaptive immunity synergistically contribute to the homeostasis of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation in the gastric mucosa is a key step in the initiation of the development of GC, and eradication of H. pylori infection is recommended to prevent GC [5]. H. pylori stimulates gastric epithelial cells and recruits immune cells to the site of infection [6] (Figure 1). British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines 2019 does not recommend surveillance in patients with gastric atrophy or gastric intestinal metaplasia limited just to the gastric antrum unless other risk factors are present [12]. Activated pDCs express various immunostimulatory and inhibitory molecules, secrete cytokines and chemokines, present antigens, and enhance the development and function of immune cells [13, 14]. We focus on current knowledge regarding immune modulation in GC, especially the role of pDCs in carcinogenesis and treatment strategies
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