Abstract
The class Dehalococcoidia within the Chloroflexi phylum comprises the obligate organohalide-respiring genera Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, and "Candidatus Dehalobium." Knowledge of the unique ecophysiology and biochemistry of Dehalococcoidia has been largely derived from studies with enrichment cultures and isolates from sites impacted with chlorinated pollutants; however, culture-independent surveys found Dehalococcoidia sequences in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial biomes considered to be pristine (i.e., not impacted with organohalogens of anthropogenic origin). The broad environmental distribution of Dehalococcoidia, as well as other organohalide-respiring bacteria, supports the concept of active halogen cycling and the natural formation of organohalogens in various ecosystems. Dechlorination reduces recalcitrance and renders organics susceptible to metabolic oxidation by diverse microbial taxa. During reductive dechlorination, hydrogenotrophic organohalide-respiring bacteria, in particular Dehalococcoidia, can consume hydrogen to low consumption threshold concentrations (<0.3 nM) and enable syntrophic oxidation processes. These functional attributes and the broad distribution imply that Dehalococcoidia play relevant roles in carbon cycling in anoxic ecosystems.
Highlights
PERSPECTIVE Applied and Environmental Science crossmYi Yang,a Robert Sanford,b Jun Yan,a Gao Chen,c,d Natalie L
The class Dehalococcoidia within the Chloroflexi phylum comprises the obligate organohalide-respiring genera Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, and “Candidatus Dehalobium.” Knowledge of the unique ecophysiology and biochemistry of Dehalococcoidia has been largely derived from studies with enrichment cultures and isolates from sites impacted with chlorinated pollutants; cultureindependent surveys found Dehalococcoidia sequences in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial biomes considered to be pristine
In an effort to standardize bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny, the reclassification of the Chloroflexi phylum (“Chloroflexota”) into eight classes (i.e., Anaerolineae, Chloroflexia, Dehalococcoidia, Ktedonobacteria, UBA2235, UBA4733, UBA5177, and UBA6077) was proposed [5]
Summary
Yi Yang,a Robert Sanford,b Jun Yan,a Gao Chen,c,d Natalie L. Löfflerc,d,f,g,h,i aKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China bDepartment of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA cCenter for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA dDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA eDepartment of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA fDepartment of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA gDepartment of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA hBiosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Tennessee, USA iJoint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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