Abstract
Background In highly complex social settings, an animal’s motivational drive to pursue an object depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the object, but also on whether the decision-making animal perceives an object as being the most desirable among others. Mimetic desire refers to a subject’s preference for objects already possessed by another subject. To date, there are no appropriate animal models for studying whether mimetic desire is at play in guiding the decision-making process. Furthermore, the neuropharmacological bases of decision-making processes are not well understood. In this study, we used an animal model (rat) to investigate a novel food-foraging paradigm for decision-making, with or without a mimetic desire paradigm.ResultsFaced with the choice of foraging in a competitive environment, rats preferred foraging for the desirable object, indicating the rats’ ability for decision-making. Notably, treatment with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801, but not with the dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and haloperidol, respectively, suppressed the food foraging preference when there was a competing resident rat in the cage. None of these three antagonists affected the food-foraging preference for palatable food. Moreover, MK-801 and SCH23390, but not haloperidol, were able to abolish the desirable environment effect on standard food-foraging activities in complex social settings.ConclusionsThese results highlight the concept that mimetic desire exerts a powerful influence on food-foraging decision-making in rats and, further, illustrate the various roles of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems in mediating these processes.
Highlights
In highly complex social settings, an animal’s motivational drive to pursue an object depends on the intrinsic properties of the object, and on whether the decision-making animal perceives an object as being the most desirable among others
A recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study reported that the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is able to encode environmental signals as reflecting estimates of the richness and cost of the foraging environment [17]
We developed a model for testing decision-making in both desirable and non-desirable environments, and examined the notion that social-based decisions in food-foraging contexts may be differentially mediated by NMDA versus dopamine receptors
Summary
In highly complex social settings, an animal’s motivational drive to pursue an object depends on the intrinsic properties of the object, and on whether the decision-making animal perceives an object as being the most desirable among others. There are no appropriate animal models for studying whether mimetic desire is at play in guiding the decision-making process. We used an animal model (rat) to investigate a novel food-foraging paradigm for decision-making, with or without a mimetic desire paradigm. Because rodents are highly social animals, many of their important social decisions, including choice of mate and food-foraging, are made within the social setting [1, 2]. A growing body of studies in behavioral economics have used non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography, and computational approaches to investigate the neural mechanisms behind sophisticated decision-making strategies [13,14,15,16]. A recent fMRI study reported that the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is able to encode environmental signals as reflecting estimates of the richness and cost of the foraging environment [17]
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