Roles of KIM-1, NGAL and IL-18 in early detection of acute kidney injury caused by high intensity military training in the rat model

Abstract

Objective To investigate early diagnostic efficacy of the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1),neutrophilgelatinase associated lipocalcin (NGAL) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by high intensity military training through the rat model.Methods Ten male SD rats,12 weeks old,were used as the urine detection group to develop the animal model of AKI induced by high intensity military training.Urine samples were taken at different time points both before and after training.Another 48 SD rats were designated as the blood detection group and serum samples were collected before training and at hours 0,6,24 and 48 after training.Changes in the urine and serum concentration of KIM-1,NGAL,IL-18 and routine markers were detected respectively.Results The urine and serum KIM-1,NGAL and IL-18 all increased significantly the moment after termination of training,as compared with those of the control group (P＜0.05).IL-18 reached peak at hour 2,KIM-1 and NGAL reached peak at hour 6,and then they decreased to baselines in 48 hours.Urine KIM-1 and NGAL were not correlated with urine protein,while they were positively correlated with urine albumin (UA) and NAG.Urine IL-18 was positively correlated with urine protein,urine albumin (UA) and NAG(P ＜0.05).Serum KIM-1,NGAL and IL-18 were positively correlated with serum Cr and Bun.ROC analysis showed that the levels of urine KIM-1,NGAL and uIL-18 in the area under the curve (AUC) at various time points after training were all higher than those of urine protein,UA and NAG.The AUC value of serum KIM-1,NGAL and IL-18 were all higher than those of SCr and Bun at any time points after training,and it was corresponding to the AUC value of the serum and urine biomarkers.Conclusions Following acquired acute kidney injury induced by high intensity military training,higher levels of serum and urine KIM-1,NGAL and IL-18 could be detected immediately after training.The diagnostic efficiency was superior to those traditional markers.Urine detection could meet the needs of diagnosis. Key words: Animal model; Kidney ; Acute kidney injury ; Military medicine ; kidney injury molecule-1 ; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; interleukin-18