Abstract
BackgroundLymphatic metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). This study aimed to investigate the roles of two metastasis suppressor genes, KAI1 and nm23, in lymphangiogenesis and lymph metastasis of LSCC.MethodsA total of 45 LSCC patients were enrolled in this study. The positive expression rates of KAI1 and nm23 protein were detected via immunohistochemistry in 45 LSCC and 22 normal laryngeal mucosa adjacent to LSCC. Micro-lymphatic vessel density (MLVD) was detected via immunohistochemistry with the specific antibody D2-40. Associations between KAI1 and nm23 expression and clinical characteristics of LSCC were then evaluated.ResultsThe positive expression rates of KAI1 and nm23 were significantly lower in LSCC than normal laryngeal mucosa (P < 0.05). Significantly lower positive rates of KAI1 and nm23 were found in LSCC with lymphatic metastasis than those without lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05), whereas MLVD was negatively correlated with the expression of KAI1 and nm23 (P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were found between KAI1 and nm23 expression and clinical characteristics of LSCC (sex, age, disease position, differentiation, and T-stage).ConclusionsBoth KAI1 and nm23 can inhibit lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in LSCC.
Highlights
Lymphatic metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)
LSCC was diagnosed via histopathological examination, and the tumor stage was determined according to the tumor node metastasis (TNM) classification published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
KAI1 and nm23 expression in LSCC To evaluate the role of KAI1 and nm23 in LSCC, KAI1 and nm23 expression was first evaluated
Summary
Lymphatic metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common tumor of the head and neck, and accounts for 5% of all systemic malignant tumors [1]. Stage glottic LSCC has favorable prognosis (5-year survival rate, > 70%), whereas the prognosis of supraglottic and subglottic LSCC is poor because of late stage at diagnosis (5-year survival rate, < 50%) [2]. The poor prognosis of LSCC is mainly attributed to lymphatic metastasis [3]. Lymphatic metastasis is an important prognostic indicator for patients with LSCC. Distant metastasis frequently develops in late-stage LSCC, including stages 3, 4a, and 4b [4]. Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) without node metastasis exhibited better prognosis than those with node metastasis, and more than 40% SCC of all cases
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