Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) mediate rapid immune responses against microbial infection by secreting large amounts of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Exposure to environmental stimuli including parasites, viruses, bacteria and protease allergens, damages epithelial cells, resulting in the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33. These cytokines are potent inducers of Th2 cytokines from ILC2s. ILC2-produced Th2 cytokines result in the recruitment of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils to inflammatory sites, thus initiating type 2 innate immunity. Immunological information from the innate immunity is then received by Th2 cells, leading to pathogen-specific antibody production and persistent eosinophil activation. Among Th2 cytokines, IL-5 acts particularly on eosinophil regulation. In cooperation with Th2 cells, IL-5-producing ILC2s regulate eosinophil biology in the steady state and innate immunity. Rec.1/20/2014, Acc.2/16/2014, pp140-148
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