Abstract
Chemokines are a small family of cytokines that were first discovered as chemotactic factors in leukocytes during inflammation, and reports on the relationship between chemokines and cancer progression have recently been increasing. The CCL2-CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways, and has various functions in tumor progression, such as increasing tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, and creating a tumor microenvironment through increased angiogenesis and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. This review discusses the roles of the CCL2-CCR2 axis and the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and their future roles in cancer therapy.
Highlights
Published: 8 August 2021The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in the growth and progression of cancer and comprises a wide variety of cells, including cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and epithelial cells [1]
Chemokines have been widely reported in autoimmune-related diseases, but, in recent years, more reports have linked these to the control of cancer in the TME [3]
Chemokines induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumor tissues and exhibit anticancer effects, they induce cells that suppress tumor immunity, such as the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) [3,4]
Summary
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in the growth and progression of cancer and comprises a wide variety of cells, including cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and epithelial cells [1]. Chemokines induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumor tissues and exhibit anticancer effects, they induce cells that suppress tumor immunity, such as the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) [3,4]. Among these chemokines, we report on CCL2, which has been shown to play essential roles in the TME, and its main receptor, CCR2
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