Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of the most important cosignaling molecules. It belongs to the CD28 superfamily and is similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in terms of its structure and function. BTLA can be detected in most lymphocytes and induces immunosuppression by inhibiting B and T cell activation and proliferation. The BTLA ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), does not belong to the classic B7 family. Instead, it is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The association of BTLA with HVEM directly bridges the CD28 and TNFR families and mediates broad and powerful immune effects. Recently, a large number of studies have found that BTLA participates in numerous physiopathological processes, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplantation rejection. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing knowledge about BTLA in immunity and summarize the diverse functions of BTLA in various immune disorders.
Highlights
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a member of the CD28 superfamily
Krieg et al found that BTLA-/- mice showed an elevated memory CD8+ T cell count and proposed that the increased T cell proliferation mediated by BTLA deficiency was associated with alterations in T cell memory subsets but not co-inhibition [22]
The lymphotoxin b receptor signaling pathway triggers the proliferation of dendritic cells (DCs), while the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)-BTLA signaling pathway suppresses DC proliferation, suggesting that the HVEM-BTLA pathway provides an inhibitory checkpoint for DC homeostasis [39]
Summary
Reviewed by: Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa, Universidad de Leon, Spain John R. Roles of BTLA in Immunity and Immune Disorders. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of the most important cosignaling molecules. It belongs to the CD28 superfamily and is similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in terms of its structure and function. The BTLA ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), does not belong to the classic B7 family. Instead, it is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The association of BTLA with HVEM directly bridges the CD28 and TNFR families and mediates broad and powerful immune effects. The present work aimed to review the existing knowledge about BTLA in immunity and summarize the diverse functions of BTLA in various immune disorders
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