Abstract
The majority of plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteran insects. Bacterial symbionts in hemipteran hosts have a significant impact on the host life, physiology and ecology. Recently, the involvement of bacterial symbionts in hemipteran vector-virus and vector-plant interactions has been documented. Thus, the exploitation and manipulation of bacterial symbionts have great potential for plant viral disease control. Herein, we review the studies performed on the impact of symbiotic bacteria on plant virus transmission, including insect-bacterial symbiont associations, the role of these bacterial symbionts in viral acquisition, stability and release during viral circulation in insect bodies, and in viral vertical transmission. Besides, we prospect further studies aimed to understand tripartite interactions of the virus-symbiotic microorganisms-insect vector.
Highlights
Insect-borne viruses have been associated with significant global challenges in humans, animals, and plants
When insect vectors feed on virus-infected plants, the intestinal tract is the first viral-entry site of persistent viruses, it is the principal determinant for viral transmission by insects (Hogenhout et al, 2008; Wei and Li, 2016; Wilson et al, 2020)
Symbiotic bacteria that regulate the spread of persistent plant viruses through its insect vector have been extensively studied
Summary
Insect-borne viruses have been associated with significant global challenges in humans, animals, and plants. We review recent studies on the significance of symbiotic microorganisms of insect vectors in regulation of plant virus transmission to elucidate on the multilayered virus-vector-microbial symbiont interactions. In addition to Portiera, whitefly species are associated with seven facultative endosymbionts; Arsenophonus, FIGURE 1 | Schematic diagram on infection routes of persistent plant viruses in insect vector.
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