Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs), thus playing an important role in protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, these enzymes exist in free form or in the form of multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The latter contains nine cytoplasmic ARSs and three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs). Normally, ARSs and AIMPs are regarded as housekeeping molecules without additional functions. However, a growing number of studies indicate that ARSs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Here, we introduce the roles of ARSs and AIMPs in certain cancers, such as colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we particularly focus on their potential clinical applications in cancer, aiming at providing new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer.
Highlights
The genetic information in the organism is transformed into functional proteins through transcription and translation
methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) could regulate the activity of mTORC1 signaling, and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that MRS might contribute to the development of lung cancer (Kim E.Y. et al, 2017)
Aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (tRNAs) synthetases have evolutionarily conserved enzymatic mechanisms, and the understanding of their molecular structure is conducive to the rational design of drugs
Summary
The genetic information in the organism is transformed into functional proteins through transcription and translation. The growth and migration of LRS knockdown A549 cells were inhibited, indicating that this molecule played an important role in the development of lung cancer (Shin et al, 2008). Di et al (2019) observed that the expression of IARS2 was higher in NSCLC tissues, and silencing IARS2 could inhibit the activity of A549 and H1299 cells and reduce the tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells in nude mice.
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