Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate possible relationships among plasma adiponectin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PG F2α: an index of oxidative stress), and membrane fluidity (a reciprocal value of microviscosity) in hypertensive and normotensive men using an electron spin resonance-method. The order parameter (S) for the spin-label agent (5-nitroxide stearate) in red blood cell (RBC) membranes was higher in hypertensive men than in normotensive men, indicating that membrane fluidity was decreased in hypertension. Plasma adiponectin and NO metabolites levels were lower in hypertensive men than in normotensive men. In contrast, plasma 8-iso-PG F2α levels were increased in hypertensive men compared with normotensive men. Plasma adiponectin concentration was correlated with plasma NO-metabolites, and inversely correlated with plasma 8-iso-PG F2α. The order parameter (S) of RBCs was inversely correlated with plasma adiponectin and plasma NO metabolite levels, and positively correlated with plasma 8-iso-PG F2α, suggesting that the reduced membrane fluidity of RBCs might be associated with hypoadiponectinemia, endothelial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. In a multivariate regression analysis, adiponectin and 8-iso-PG F2α were significant determinants of membrane fluidity of RBCs after adjustment for general risk factors. These results suggest that adiponectin and oxidative stress might have a close correlation with rheologic behavior and microcirculation in hypertension.
Highlights
It has been shown that dysregulation of adipocytokines may be accompanied by obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and result in atherosclerotic vascular diseases [1,2,3,4]
We have shown that the membrane fluidity of red blood cells (RBCs) was significantly lower in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and patients with essential hypertension than in the normotensive controls [23,24,25,26], and proposed that abnormal membrane fluidity of RBCs might contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension
It was shown that the order parameter (S) of RBCs was inversely correlated with plasma adiponectin levels, and positively correlated with plasma 8-iso-PG F2α levels, indicating that the reduced membrane fluidity of RBCs was associated with hypoadiponectinemia and increased oxidative stress
Summary
It has been shown that dysregulation of adipocytokines may be accompanied by obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and result in atherosclerotic vascular diseases [1,2,3,4]. It has been shown that oxidative stress might be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, and might be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, vascular dysfunction, and the metabolic syndrome [6,7,8]. It was demonstrated that plasma concentration of 8-isoPG F2α was significantly increased in subjects with essential hypertension compared with normotensive subjects [9, 10]. It was shown that oral administration of vitamin E significantly decreased 8iso-PG F2α concentrations in overweight/obese individuals, Journal of Obesity suggesting that a decrease in plasma 8-iso-PG F2α has the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in obesity [13]
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