Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal loss, and is caused by several factors. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with AD. The altered gut microbiota can influence brain function and behavior through the microbiota–gut–brain axis via various pathways such as increased amyloid-β deposits and tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, and chronic oxidative stress. With no current effective therapy to cure AD, gut microbiota modulation may be a promising therapeutic option to prevent or delay the onset of AD or counteract its progression. Our present review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiota in patients with AD, the pathogenetic roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in AD, and gut microbiota–targeted therapies for AD. Understanding the roles and mechanisms between gut microbiota and AD will help decipher the pathogenesis of AD from novel perspectives and shed light on novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of age-related dementia, is characterized clinically by insidious onset of memory and cognitive impairment, emergence of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders, and impairment of activities of daily living (Scheltens et al, 2021)
The AD microbiota in patients of both stages with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia of AD was markedly different from that in HCs, and the altered gut microbiota was significantly correlated with the clinical parameters of AD, especially those indicators representing the severity of AD
Based on the receiving operating characteristic curves, we found that these AD-associated key functional genera such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus can be used as noninvasive biomarkers to discriminate patients with AD from healthy controls
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of age-related dementia, is characterized clinically by insidious onset of memory and cognitive impairment, emergence of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders, and impairment of activities of daily living (Scheltens et al, 2021). Several clinical studies have proposed that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is a key factor that influences brain function and behavior through the microbiota–gut–brain axis, leading to the development of AD (Cattaneo et al, 2017; Vogt et al, 2017; Zhuang et al, 2018; Haran et al, 2019; Li B. et al, 2019; Liu P. et al, 2019; Guo et al, 2021; Ling et al, 2021a,b). The levels of these differential key functional bacteria correlated with CSF biomarkers of AD pathology such as Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau and p-tau/Aβ42, which suggested that the altered AD microbiome can link the neuropathological changes in AD Another Italian study conducted by Cattaneo et al (2017) enrolled 10 cognitively healthy amyloid-negative controls, 40 cognitively impaired amyloid-positive patients, and 33 cognitively impaired.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
