Abstract
In 1905, Lord Curzon decided to divide Bengal, the biggest center of nationalism, on 16 October to destroy Indian unity. The anti-dissolution leaders made a public announcement of celebrating "National Day of Mourning" on that day. The idea of running a Swadeshi and boycott movement at the time of the partition movement was first raised in the mind of Gopal Rao Deshmukh of Poona. Who was known as Lokhitwadi. He started the promotion of Swadeshi for the protection of Indian rural industries only in the decade of 1840-50. In the beginning of the decade of 1870-80, Mahadev Ranade propagated Swadeshi through his lectures and articles. The work of spreading it in the society was done by his wife Ramabai Ranade and her associates.
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