Abstract
Currently, a smart city is an emerging field in urban cities to improve the quality of life through information and communication technology (ICT). In general, the traditional solid waste management (SWM) approach taken by municipal authorities for waste collection in urban areas must be enhanced to achieve the green and smart city goals. This article is primarily focused on the progress of ICT technologies in solid waste management. With that aim, a thorough analysis is carried out in the article, and from the analysis, we have identified distinct ICT technologies that have been implemented in SWM. The function, application, and limitations of each technology are presented in the article. From the review, it is concluded that the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in minimizing the negative impact of waste on the environment. It is also identified that selection of the appropriate wireless communication protocol is critical during the implementation of IoT-based system because the sensor node at the bins is battery-powered. In addition, it is analysed that blockchain technology plays an essential role in realizing the waste–money model, as this model includes transactions between users and recyclers. Finally, in this article, we propose that the waste-to-money model, local network and gateway architecture, vision node, and customized prototype improve solid waste management system in terms of communication, energy consumption, and real-time monitoring.
Highlights
According to United Nations, 66% of the global population will be living in urban cities by 2025 in comparison to 54% currently inhabiting urban cities
This study provides a review of Internet of Things (IoT) only; it does not cover the other previous technologies implemented in solid waste management (SWM)
We have evaluated the IoT architecture of SWM and have concluded that the typical architecture illustrated in the Figure 8 is widely proposed
Summary
According to United Nations, 66% of the global population will be living in urban cities by 2025 in comparison to 54% currently inhabiting urban cities. It reports that the consumption of material in cities will be accelerated to nearly 90 billion tonnes by 2050, contrasted to 40 billion tonnes in 2010 [1]. According to World Bank research [2], 4.3 billion urban inhabitants will generate 2.2 billion tonnes of solid trash annually by 2025. The report reveals that high-income people are generating a larger quantity of waste than low-income [3]. The Indian planning commission report reveals that in 2014, the waste generated by India was 62 million tonnes (MT). By the year 2051, the population of India will be 1.82 billion, and the population of urban India will reach nearly
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.