Role of Weight History on Functional Limitations and Disability in Late Adulthood: The ARIC Study

Abstract

To examine associations of weight history with functional limitations and disability in white and African-American men and women. Data were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 11,177). Associations of recalled weight status at age 25 and weight change from age 25 to ages 45 to 64 with functional limitations, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) at follow-up (ages 52 to 75) were examined using logistic regression. Obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) at age 25 was associated with functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment at follow-up in white and African-American men and women. For example, obese compared with normal weight (BMI, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)) white women had higher odds of mild [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.97 (1.18 to 3.29)] and severe [9.81 (5.92 to 16.27)] functional limitations and ADL [3.48 (2.36 to 5.13)] and IADL [2.95 (2.00 to 4.33)] impairment. In African-American women, obesity was associated with higher odds of mild [2.71 (1.14 to 6.41)] and severe [6.01 (2.53 to 14.26)] functional limitations and ADL [1.82 (1.10 to 3.00)] and IADL [2.39 (1.47 to 3.90)] impairment. Similar associations were found in men. Compared with weight maintenance (+/-10 lbs), large weight gain (>30 lbs) from age 25 to ages 45 to 64 was also associated with functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment in white and African-American men and women. Maintenance of a healthy body weight throughout adulthood may play a role in preventing or delaying the onset of functional limitations and disability, resulting in increased quality of life and decreased health care costs.