Abstract
All substances with molecular weights up to 58 kDa retained in the blood as the results of renal dysfunction are potential uremic toxins. The search for endogenous toxic compounds seems to offer a novel approach to identifying and explaining any so far unexplored specific effects on the body organs and systems. In contemporary laboratory diagnostics there are no suitable markers for use in comprehensive evaluation of complex toxicity of uremic compounds accumulated in successive stages of developing renal dysfunction. To provide a sound basis for treatments which would effectively protect against or slow down multiple organ injury caused by uremic toxins novel parameters are needed, more specific than urea and creatinine. Identification of reliable biomarkers or their panels needs careful consideration of their concentrations in biological materials, biological activity and usefulness for effective diagnosis. Classification of uremic compounds, based on their chemical properties, role in pathophysiological processes and the organs where they are formed remains to be elucidated with meticulous observation of clearly formulated rules guiding the process.
Highlights
In health, the renal glomerular filter cleanses the body of molecules with weights up to 58 kDa
In renal failure the reduced glomerular filtration or renal metabolism and the damage to non-renal organs comprise a variety of compounds related to the metabolic processes and function of different cell types and organs
It is of considerable importance to identify which of the uremic retention solutes are uremic toxins and what pathomechanisms are involved in their damaging effect on the kidneys and other organs
Summary
The renal glomerular filter cleanses the body of molecules with weights up to 58 kDa. Creatinine, on the other hand, is in the current clinical practice, the only of all retained uremic solutes measured to evaluate the biochemical/biological and toxic effects of renal dysfunction. Uremic retention solutes present a great variety of properties which makes their accurate classification extremely difficult They make up a group whose numerous members differ in their water solubility, protein-binding capacity, molecular weight, pattern of removal by dialysis, biological properties and potential to produce clinical symptoms [2,3,11,19,20]. Doi:10.4172/2161-0959.1000205 is by molecular weight, protein-binding capacity and removal pattern by dialysis This group listed substances with presumed or proven biological activity whose accumulation in the body resulted from endstage renal failure [2,3,11,12,19]
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