Role of Ultrasonography in Screening High Risk Mothers for Detection of IUGR

Abstract

Introduction: The 10th percentile of expected foetal weight for gestational age is classified as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or foetal growth restriction. IUGR occurs for a variety of reasons. Any issue with the placenta is a major contributor. Aims and objectives: 1) To determine the role of ultrasonography in screening high risk mothers for detection of IUGR. 2) To find out the impact of fetal parameters on the extent of IUGR.3) For correlation between sonographic pattern of IUGR and the birth weight. 4) For correlation between doppler parameters and perinatal outcome. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of 2 years in Mamata General Hospital (MGH) from Oct 2017 to Oct 2019. Study included 50 pregnant women with high risk factors and clinically suspected IUGR attending for ultrasound examination were subjected to Uterine, Umbilical and Middle cerebral artery Doppler along with morphology and biometry scan after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Reverse, absence or slow end diastolic flow was considered abnormal which was seen in 33 patients. Nine patients had Absent /Reversed end diastolic flow of which, 3 patients had IUD, 4 had Still births, 2 were admitted in NICU with apgar at 1min <7. Middle cerebral artery was abnormal in 10 patients, of which 8 patients had IUGR babies with adverse perinatal outcome. MCA/UA S.D ratio, which was abnormal in 19 patients of which 16 patients had adverse perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Doppler has proven to be more sensitive than other methods of foetal monitoring in recognising fetal compromises early and assisting in the proper time of delivery. Keywords: Ultrasonography, doppler, IUGR.