Abstract

Simple SummaryThis review of the literature aims at giving a concise overview of the impact of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) on lung carcinogenesis. In the first part of this manuscript, the general action mode of TANs in cancer is depicted, listing studies on several cancer entities and on mouse models. The latter part of this work focuses specifically on TANs in lung cancer, giving an outlook on future therapeutic implications of cancer immunity, using, for example, anti-cancer vaccines.Tumorigenesis is largely influenced by accompanying inflammation. Myeloid cells account for a significant proportion of pro-inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment. All steps of tumor formation and progression, such as the suppression of adaptive immune response, angio- and lymphangiogenesis, and the remodeling of the tumor stroma, are to some degree influenced by tumor-associated immune cells. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), together with tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, count among tumor-associated myeloid cells. Still, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects of TANs have not been investigated in detail. With this review of the literature, we aim to give an overview of the current data on TANs, with a special focus on lung cancer.

Highlights

  • The process of tumorigenesis is strongly influenced by accompanying inflammation [1]

  • More research has been done on tumor-associated macrophages than on tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs)

  • Snail contributed to a quicker progression of the disease, endorsing the further infiltration of neutrophils [54]. These results clearly indicate a pro-tumorigenic function of GR1+ neutrophils, and the authors even proposed the interplay of Snail and TANs to be a vicious cycle, rendering the tumor microenvironment increasingly carcinogenic

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Summary

Introduction

The process of tumorigenesis is strongly influenced by accompanying inflammation [1]. Myeloid cells constitute a significant proportion of all pro-inflammatory cells, which the tumor microenvironment harbors [2]. The suppression of adaptive immune responses and the endorsement of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as the remodeling of the tumor stroma, are influenced by tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thereby influencing—to some degree—every step of tumor progression and metastasis [3]. More research has been done on tumor-associated macrophages than on tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). In the last decade, TANs have been increasingly investigated and their underlying molecular mechanisms have been gradually elucidated

General Aspects
Tumor-Associated Neutrophils—What Do We Know?
Murine Models of TANs and Potential Translation to Human Cancers
Outlook
Findings
Conclusions
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